BMS 201: Computer Programming Notes

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….II
WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING………………………………………………..1
1.1 BASICS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING COMPUTER LANGUAGES………………………………………………………………1
1.3 DEFINITIONS OF KEY CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING……………………………………………………….3
REVISION EXERCISE 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
WEEK 2: OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES…………………………………………………………6
THE FOLLOWING IS A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF SOME OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:………………..6
2.1 FORTRAN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.2 COBOL (1959)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8
2.3 BASIC (1964)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
2.4 PASCAL (1971)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
2.5 PROLOG (1972)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10
2.6 THE C LANGUAGE (1972)………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11
2.7 THE ADA LANGUAGE (1983)……………………………………………………………………………………………………12
2.8 THE C++ LANGUAGE (1983)……………………………………………………………………………………………………12
2.9 HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)………………………………………………………………………………..13
2.10 JAVA (1991)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13
2.11 JAVASCRIPT LANGUAGE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………14
2.12 PYTHON (1991)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
2.13 VISUAL BASIC (1991)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15
REVISION EXERCISE 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..16
WEEK 3: EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES……………………………..18
3.1 GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES…………………………………………………………..18
3.2 FACTORS CONSIDERED IN EVALUATING PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES……………………………………………….18
REVISION EXERCISE 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..24
WEEK 4: PROCEDURE AND OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING……………………………………25
4.1 BASICS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25
4.2 PROCEDURE ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (POP) TECHNIQUE…………………………………………………………..25
4.3 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP) TECHNIQUE………………………………………………………………..27
REVISION EXERCISE 4…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..32
WEEK 5: FLOWCHART DEVELOPMENT………………………………………………………………………………..33
5.1 FLOWCHART BASICS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
5.2 TYPES OF FLOW CHARTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
5.3 FLOWCHART SYMBOLS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..34
5.4 GUIDELINES FOR DRAWING A FLOWCHART………………………………………………………………………………….35
REVISION EXERCISE 5…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..41
WEEK 6/7: GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A C++ PROGRAM……………………………………………………42
6/7.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PROGRAM:………………………………………………………………………………..42
6/7.2 STRUCTURE OF A C++ PROGRAM…………………………………………………………………………………………..43
Committed to Creativity, Excellence and Self-Reliance iii
BMS 201: Computer Programming
6/7.3 CREATING A C++ SOURCE FILE…………………………………………………………………………………………….44
6/7.4 FEATURES OF A C++ PROGRAM:……………………………………………………………………………………………50
REVISION EXERCISE 6/7……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….51
WEEK 8: USAGE OF VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS IN C++…………………………………………………52
8.1 IDENTIFIERS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….52
8.2 VARIABLES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….52
8.3 SIGNED AND UNSIGNED INTEGERS…………………………………………………………………………………………….53
8.4 DEFINITION OF A VARIABLE…………………………………………………………………………………………………….54
8.5 CONSTANTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..56
REVISION EXERCISE 8…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..58
WEEK 9: USE OF CONTROL STRUCTURES IN C++………………………………………………………………59
9.1 SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE………………………………………………………………………………………………59
9.2 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE……………………………………………………………………………………………..60
9.3 LOOP STRUCTURE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..66
REVISION EXERCISE 9…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..68
WEEK 10: ARRAYS IN C++………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69
10.1 DECLARATION OF ARRAYS………………………………………………………………………………………………………69
10.2 INITIALIZATION OF ARRAYS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….71
10.3 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS…………………………………………………………………………………………………..71
REVISION EXERCISE 10…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………74
WEEK 11: FUNCTIONS IN C++ LANGUAGE……………………………………………………………………………75
11.1 BASICS OF C++ FUNCTIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………75
11.2 DECLARATION OF A FUNCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………….75
11.3 DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………..77
11.4 ARGUMENTS OF A FUNCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………….77
11.5 RETURN VALUES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..78
REVISION EXERCISE 11…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………78
WEEK 12: CLASSES AND OBJECTS IN C++……………………………………………………………………………..79
12.1 BASICS OF C++ CLASSES………………………………………………………………………………………………………..79
12.2 DECLARATION OF A CLASS……………………………………………………………………………………………………..79
12.3 CREATION OF OBJECTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….80
REVISION EXERCISE 12…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86

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