TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
LESSON ONE:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT……………………….. 6
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Development…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Underdevelopment……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Theories of Development…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Further reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
LESSON TWO:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS…………………………………………………………….13
Introduction:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Definitions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Gender Mainstreaming………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
Evolution of Gender Approaches in Development…………………………………………………………………… 16
Critical areas for Gender Mainstreaming:…………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
Further reading:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
LESSON THREE:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES……………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
General Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Topic One: Science and Technology in Development………………………………………………………….. 22
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
Definitions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
The Linkage Between Science, Technology and Development……………………………………………… 25
Science, Technology and Development in the South……………………………………………………………….. 26
Kenya’s position on science and technology……………………………………………………………………………….. 27
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
Further Reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
Topic Two: Agriculture And Development…………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
Agriculture and Farming Practices or Systems……………………………………………………………………………. 32
Contributions of Agriculture to National Economic Growth…………………………………………………. 33
Some Constraints of Agricultural Development…………………………………………………………………………. 34
Rural Development……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
Further Reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
Topic Three: Urbanization And Development………………………………………………………………………. 38
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
Urbanization………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
Trends and patterns of Global Urbanization……………………………………………………………………………….. 39
Role of urbanization in development…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
Problems of urbanization…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
Challenges of Urbanization………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42
Further reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
LESSON FOUR:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
POPULATION, RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT: INTERELATIONSHIP. 43
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
Trends in Population Growth: Size, Distribution, Structure and Composition…………………. 44
Schools of thought on Population and Resources:…………………………………………………………………….. 46
Implication of Population Growth:………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48
Resource use and Management (Consumption Patterns)…………………………………………………………. 49
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
Further reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
LESSON FIVE:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 52
PARTICIPATION, GOVERNANCE, ETHICS AND DEVELOPMENT………………. 52
General Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
Topic One: Participatory Development…………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 52
The Essence of Participatory Approach in Development…………………………………………………………. 53
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
Further reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
Topic Two: Politics, Law Social Justice And Development………………………………………………. 59
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 59
Attitudes Towards Politics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60
What Makes Politics Inevitable?…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60
The Role of the State………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
Politics Defined……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
The Role of Politics in Development……………………………………………………………………………………………… 62
The Law Defined………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
The Sources of Kenyan Law……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64
The Functions of Law………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
How Can Law Promote Development?……………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
Social Justice…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
Further reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68
Topic Three: Morality and Development…………………………………………………………………………………. 69
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
Objective………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69
Definitions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
Morality and Development……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 70
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
Further reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
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